Genus Paeonia comprises 34 wild species worldwide, with 9 woody species belonging to the subgenus Moutan endemic to China, which are valued for their ornamental, medicinal, edible,cosmetic value. However, the secondary metabolite profilesskin anti-photoaging effects of stemsleaves from these wild tree peonies remain understudied. This study systematically evaluated the secondary metabolite profiles,anti-skin photoaging effects of stemsleaves from 9 wild tree peonies. Qualitative analysis identified 22 secondary metabolites, with leaves consistently containing more diverseabundant metabolites than stems. P. delavayiP. ludlowii stood out for their high total metabolite content. In UVB-irradiated keratinocytes, both P. ludlowiiP. ostii exhibited distinct but potent anti-photoaging effects. P. ostii extract showed superior antioxidant performance by efficiently scavenging reactive oxygen speciesactivating superoxide dismutase (up to 73.48% enhancement at 3.00 μg/mL), while P. ludlowii extract displayed stronger anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-α secretion (up to 66.05% inhibition at 3.00 μg/mL). Both extracts effectively suppressed matrix metalloproteinase-1 production (up to 46.17% reduction by P. ludlowii43.61% by P. ostii), thereby protecting collagen from degradationexerting anti-wrinkle effects. These findings demonstrate that stemsleaves from wild tree peonies serve as a plentiful source of secondary metabolites with biological activity, possessing powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory,anti-collagenolytic properties. The extracts of Paeonia effectively protect keratinocytes against UVB-induced photoaging, providing a scientific basis for the comprehensive exploitation of wild Paeonia resourcestheir development as natural anti-photoaging ingredients in cosmetics.