The angiosperm calyces display considerable diversityhave adaptive functions. However, the evolutionary trajectoriesunderlying mechanisms of calyx morphological diversity remain unclear. In this study, ancestral state reconstruction revealed that the abscised calyx was ancestral; however, most extant angiosperms exhibited persistent calyces showing notable variation in size. Remarkably, the Solanaceae family may represent a miniature reflecting the calyx diversity of angiosperms. Distinct from SolanumCapsicum, Physalis fruits featured a morphological novelty known as inflated calyx syndrome (ICS). To reveal the molecular repatterning events underlying ICS formation, we conducted time-course transcriptomic comparisons on developing calyces of ICS species (Physalis floridana)non-ICS species (Capsicum annuumtwo Solanum species),detected that variations in heterometric expressionalternative splicing were predominant across these species. Moreover, two Physalis-calyx highly expressed genes respectively encoding PHYSALIS ORGAN SIZE 4 (POS4)POS5 were knocked downout using virus-induced gene silencingCRISPR/Cas9 technologies,the resulting genetically modified P. floridana plant lines displayed a significant reduction in ICS size. Furthermore, when compared with SolanumCapsicum, heterotopically expressed genes in Physalis calyx relative to berry were mainly enriched for functions in photosynthesisresponses to stimuli, thereby supporting the hypothesis that the inflated fruiting calyx may have partitionedexapted functions originally associated with berry. This work elucidates the calyx evolutionary pattern of angiosperms as well as transcriptomic repatterning mechanisms that may govern both developmentalfunctional evolution of fruiting calyx inflation within Solanaceae, thereby providing insightsplant morphological evolution.